Chicken feed, treats and supplements

Layer feed, chick starter, scratch, mealworms and grubs, grit, oyster shell and electrolytes, compared by type, protein and bag size as listed.

Mixed scratch grain with cracked corn, oats and sunflower seeds
Photo: Unknown author, CC0 1.0, via rawpixel
Narrow by situation50 products

How to choose chicken feed

Chicken feed changes with age. Chicks eat a starter or starter/grower crumble from day one. Pullets move to grower, and laying hens switch to a layer feed, usually around 16–18% protein with added calcium, at about 18 weeks or when the first egg appears. Feed the complete ration as the main diet; everything else is extra.

  • Pellets, crumbles or mash. Same nutrition in different shapes. Pellets waste the least; crumbles suit younger birds; mash can be fermented, as Scratch and Peck suggests for its organic mashes.
  • Organic, non-GMO, soy-free. These are labels about ingredients, not about more eggs. Choose what fits your budget and values.
  • Bag size. Feed goes stale. Buy what your flock eats in about a month and store it dry in a lidded metal bin.
Feed and egg cost calculatorType in your bag price and size to see daily use, days per bag and feed cost per dozen eggs.

Chick starter: medicated or not?

Medicated chick starter usually contains amprolium, a coccidiostat, not an antibiotic. Chicks vaccinated for coccidiosis at the hatchery usually get unmedicated starter; ask the hatchery. Read the bag label and use it per the label. Unmedicated options here include Purina Start and Grow, Manna Pro Chick Starter and Mile Four Organic Chick Starter.

Treats, grit and oyster shell

Mealworms and black soldier fly larvae are protein-rich treats that hens chase eagerly. Keep treats and scratch to a small share of the diet so the layer feed stays balanced; around 10% is a widely used guideline. Offer oyster shell free-choice to laying hens for extra calcium and insoluble grit to any bird that eats more than complete feed.

Ducks need more niacin than chicks, so use a waterfowl or all-flock feed for ducklings. See ducks, quail and turkeys and why your chickens are not laying.

Feed & supplements: questions

What is the best layer feed for backyard chickens?
Any complete layer feed from a known maker with 16–18% protein and added calcium does the job. Our best layer feed list compares Kalmbach, Purina, Manna Pro and Scratch and Peck by listed specs.
When should I switch chicks to layer feed?
Around 18 weeks or at the first egg. Layer feed has too much calcium for young growing birds.
Pellets or crumbles?
Both are complete feeds. Pellets usually waste less; crumbles are easier for young birds. Hens often prefer whatever they started on.
Do chickens need grit?
Yes, if they eat anything besides complete feed, such as scratch, treats or forage. Chicks need chick-size grit.
Can I eat eggs from hens on medicated feed?
Follow the egg-withdrawal time on the label. If a feed is not labeled for laying hens, ask a veterinarian before using it.